Climate Change and Pacific Islands: Indicators and Impacts
Report for the 2012 Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment
200 pages
|
8 x 10
Developed to inform the 2013 National Climate Assessment, this report compiles the findings of more than 100 scientists and other experts on the state of knowledge about climate change and its impacts on the Hawaiian archipelago and the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands. Case studies and highlights also examine the adaptive capacity of island communities in the region and the issues of freshwater availability and quality; endangered species; regional and community economies; urbanization, transportation, and infrastructure vulnerabilities; ecosystem services; and agriculture sustainability.
This book should appeal to local, state, and federal policy- and decision-makers; resource and land managers; land-use planners; government officials; academics and professionals in enviornmental science; and any enviornmental advocates.
About this Report
Executive Summary
Hawai‘i Governor's Letter
List of Figures and Tables
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Pacific Islands Region Overview
Region profile
Pacific Island geology and landscape
Pacific Island peoples, governments, and economies
Pacific Island ecosystems
Box 1-1: Marine national monuments in the Pacific Islands region
Box 1-2: Ecosystems of the Pacific Islands region
Weather and climate
Inter-annual and interdecadal variability
Box 1-3: Distinguishing climate variability from climate change in the Pacific
Observations and monitoring
Box 1-4: The value of high-quality observations and monitoring: Mauna Loa Observatory, HaleNet, and Station ALOHA
Models and projections
Indicators of a changing climate in the Pacific Islands region
Impacts of a changing climate in the Pacific Islands region
Adaptive capacities
Box 1-5: Climate change will force human migration from the Pacific Islands
Advancing knowledge
Conclusion
Box 1-6: Assessing information needs for managing O‘ahu's freshwater resources
Chapter 2: Freshwater and Drought on Pacific Islands
Freshwater hydrology overview
Historic and current trends
Box 2-1: The Hawai‘i Water Code: Providing a strong basis for management and planning
Box 2-2: High-quality data and monitoring networks are threatened
Projections
Impacts and adaptation
Summary
Case Study 2-1: Managing vulnerable water resources in atoll nations
Case Study 2-2: Using climate forecasts to save money and protect human health
Case Study 2-3: Climate change likely to intensify freshwater disputes in Hawai‘i
Chapter 3: Sea Level and Coastal Inundation on Pacific Islands
Overview
Historic and current trends
Box 3-1: How do you measure sea level?
Extreme sea-level events
Climate projections and sea level
Impacts
Summary
Case Study 3-1: A combination of processes creates extreme water levels and contributes to flooding and erosion
Case Study 3-2: Mapping sea-level rise in Honolulu
Chapter 4: Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial Ecosystems on Pacific Islands
Regional ecosystems overview
Historic and projected trends
Impacts to marine ecosystems
Impacts to freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems
Implications of climate change for management
Summary
Case Study 4-1: Climate change threatens Hawaiian forest birds
Case Study 4-2: Fish populations respond to climate conditions
Case Study 4-3: Pacific coral reef management in a changing climate
Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions
Advancing Knowledge
Partnerships
Appendix A: Glossaries Related to Weather and Climate in the Pacific Islands
Appendix B: Future Regional Climate — Modeling and Projections
Appendix C: Members of the PIRCA Core Team
Appendix D: Members of the PIRCA Steering Committee
Appendix E: Freshwater and Drought Technical Workshop
Appendix F: Sea-level Rise and Coastal Inundation Technical Workshop
Appendix G: Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial EcosystemsTechnical Workshop
Appendix H: Summary of Workshop Evaluations
References
Executive Summary
Hawai‘i Governor's Letter
List of Figures and Tables
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Pacific Islands Region Overview
Region profile
Pacific Island geology and landscape
Pacific Island peoples, governments, and economies
Pacific Island ecosystems
Box 1-1: Marine national monuments in the Pacific Islands region
Box 1-2: Ecosystems of the Pacific Islands region
Weather and climate
Inter-annual and interdecadal variability
Box 1-3: Distinguishing climate variability from climate change in the Pacific
Observations and monitoring
Box 1-4: The value of high-quality observations and monitoring: Mauna Loa Observatory, HaleNet, and Station ALOHA
Models and projections
Indicators of a changing climate in the Pacific Islands region
Impacts of a changing climate in the Pacific Islands region
Adaptive capacities
Box 1-5: Climate change will force human migration from the Pacific Islands
Advancing knowledge
Conclusion
Box 1-6: Assessing information needs for managing O‘ahu's freshwater resources
Chapter 2: Freshwater and Drought on Pacific Islands
Freshwater hydrology overview
Historic and current trends
Box 2-1: The Hawai‘i Water Code: Providing a strong basis for management and planning
Box 2-2: High-quality data and monitoring networks are threatened
Projections
Impacts and adaptation
Summary
Case Study 2-1: Managing vulnerable water resources in atoll nations
Case Study 2-2: Using climate forecasts to save money and protect human health
Case Study 2-3: Climate change likely to intensify freshwater disputes in Hawai‘i
Chapter 3: Sea Level and Coastal Inundation on Pacific Islands
Overview
Historic and current trends
Box 3-1: How do you measure sea level?
Extreme sea-level events
Climate projections and sea level
Impacts
Summary
Case Study 3-1: A combination of processes creates extreme water levels and contributes to flooding and erosion
Case Study 3-2: Mapping sea-level rise in Honolulu
Chapter 4: Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial Ecosystems on Pacific Islands
Regional ecosystems overview
Historic and projected trends
Impacts to marine ecosystems
Impacts to freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems
Implications of climate change for management
Summary
Case Study 4-1: Climate change threatens Hawaiian forest birds
Case Study 4-2: Fish populations respond to climate conditions
Case Study 4-3: Pacific coral reef management in a changing climate
Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions
Advancing Knowledge
Partnerships
Appendix A: Glossaries Related to Weather and Climate in the Pacific Islands
Appendix B: Future Regional Climate — Modeling and Projections
Appendix C: Members of the PIRCA Core Team
Appendix D: Members of the PIRCA Steering Committee
Appendix E: Freshwater and Drought Technical Workshop
Appendix F: Sea-level Rise and Coastal Inundation Technical Workshop
Appendix G: Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial EcosystemsTechnical Workshop
Appendix H: Summary of Workshop Evaluations
References
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