Fishing Grounds
Defining A New Era For American Fisheries Management
Fisheries management today is highly contentious. The interests of fishers and fish processors, coastal communities, the government, and environmental organizations are often different and can even be mutually incompatible.
Fishing Grounds offers a comprehensive assessment of the legal, social, economic and biological context of marine fisheries management in the United States. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders from all sides of the issue, the authors seek common ground -- and points of unresolved controversy -- among the diversity of interests and viewpoints involved. Chapters examine:
- history and background
- status of marine fisheries
- fishery productivity from biological, social, and economic perspectives
- ownership of fishery resources
- management structures and incentives
- the roles of science and evaluation
Fishing Grounds presents a useful overview of fisheries management options and positions regarding those options, providing valuable insight into the opinions and concerns of stakeholders and the sets of incentives to which those stakeholders respond. It is an important work for fisheries management professionals in industry, government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations, as well as for students and researchers involved with fisheries and fisheries management.
Contents
Preface ix
Origin of the Book x
Stakeholder Voices xi
Book Scope and Structure xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Part I Introduction and Overview
Chapter 1: U.S. Fisheries Today 3
Types of Fisheries 3
Processing, Trade, and Consumption 5
Fishery Management 6
The Eight Fishery Management Regions 8
Other Fishery Management Authorities 13
The Status of U.S. Fisheries 14
Conclusion 17
Notes 17
Part II The Past
Chapter 2: History of Federal Fishery Management 23
1950s and 1960s: Pre-FCMA Decades 24
1970s: The Fishery Conservation and Management Act 25
1980s: The End of Expansion 28
1990s: Contraction and Change 29
Conclusion 31
In Their Own Words 32
Notes 35
Part III The Present
Chapter 3: Assessing Fishery Productivity 39
What Is Productivity? 40
Managing for Productivity 44
Maintaining Productivity Over Time 47
Lost Opportunities 52
Conclusion 56
In Their Own Words 57
Notes 59
Chapter 4: Owning Fishery Resources 61
Expanding Public Interests 62
Public Disinterest 65
Returns to the Public 66
Private Matters and Public Interests 69
Ideas About Rights-Based Management 72
Conclusion 74
In Their Own Words 75
Notes 80
Chapter 5: Managing Fisheries 81
Who's in Charge? 82
Expectations for Management 85
Outcomes 87
Checks, Balances, and Monkey Wrenches 94
Conclusion 98
In Their Own Words 99
Notes 104
Chapter 6: Creating Incentives 105
The Ideal and the Actual 106
Maintain Healthy Fisheries 107
Make Responsible Decisions 109
Take the Long View 115
Participate Responsibly 117
Conclusion 121
In Their Own Words 122
Notes 124
Chapter 7: Using Scientific Information 127
Why Do We Need Science? 128
Is the Science Adequate? 130
How Is Scientific Information Used? 134
Communicating Scientific Information 139
Funding Science 141
Cooperative Research 142
Conclusion 146
In Their Own Words 147
Notes 152
Chapter 8: Evaluating Fishery Performance 155
Why Evaluate? 156
Criteria and Objectives 162
What Is Evaluated? 166
Where Do We Go From Here? 168
Conclusion 170
In Their Own Words 170
Notes 172
Part IV The Future
Chapter 9: Looking Ahead 177
Learning and Adapting 178
Integrating Management Objectives 179
Creating Expectations for Stewardship 180
Maintaining Fishery Diversity 181
Making the Transition 182
Major Policy Choices and Reauthorization Issues 184
Conclusion 188
In Their Own Words 189
Appendix A: Program Participants 193
Interview Sources 194
Reviewers 197
Appendix B: Annotated Bibliography of Selected Literature on U.S.
Marine Fishery Management 199
Fishery Status and Management History 200
Assessing Fishery Productivity 203
Owning Fishery Resources 206
Managing Fisheries 209
Creating Incentives 212
Using Scientific Information 216
Evaluating Fishery Performance 219
Looking Ahead 222
About the Authors 227
Index 231"
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